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Scientifically advanced woody media for improved water quality from livestock woodchip heavy-use areas

Laura Christianson, David DeVallance, Joshua Faulkner, Thomas Basden

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0909-7

摘要： Overwintering cattle on pastures in many areas can damage the pasture and lead to impaired water quality. During these times, use of a woodchip heavy-use area (HUA) presents advantages such as a soft, supportive, and dry foot surface for animals and protection of the pasture and pasture soils. However, woodchip HUAs can also be a centralized source of high nutrient loads due to their drainage outflows. A column study was conducted to assess the nutrient load reduction potential of: 1) six types of wood media (including torrefied wood media and biochar) that could be used in a woodchip HUA versus a gravel control, and 2) providing a 48 h retention time within the wood media to enhance nitrogen removal through denitrification. The woody media provided significant liquid waste volume reduction compared to the gravel in simulated events (53%–61% vs. 39% reductions, respectively), and there may be additional liquid storage capacity in the woodchips not utilized during these rapid events. Substantial total nitrogen removal by the wood treatments (mean removal efficiencies>50%) was observed across the simulated events, although nitrate leaching also occurred. Nitrate removal was enhanced during the 48 h retention test which showed removal was governed by availability of labile carbon (i.e., fresh woodchips exhibited>70% nitrate removal). The retention test also indicated biochar mixtures provided some of the best total phosphorus removal, but the greatest benefits across all parameters was provided by the Mixed Hardwood treatment.

关键词： Overwinter     Heavy-use area     Nutrient pollution     Torrefied     Woodchip    

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Evaluating heavy metal contamination of riverine sediment cores in different land-use areas

Wenzhong Tang, Liu Sun, Limin Shu, Chuang Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1283-4

摘要： Abstract • Metal pollution was studied in riverine sediments from different land-use areas. • Cd was the most serious heavy metal contaminant in riverine sediment cores. • Riverine sediment cores from industrial area were most polluted by heavy metals. • B1 fraction determined metal pollution, risk and toxicity in riverine sediments. Anthropogenic activities are regarded as the main sources of heavy metal pollution, yet few studies have investigated the effects of land-use setting on heavy metal accumulation in riverine sediments. Based on both total contents and geochemical fractions, heavy metal pollution, risk and toxicity were determined in riverine sediment cores from different land-use areas (mountain area- MA, farm area- FA, city area- CA, and industrial area- IA) of the Yang River Basin in North China. The results showed that FA had higher contents of riverine sedimentary Cu; CA had higher contents of Cd; IA had higher contents of both Cd and Zn. Most riverine sediments from FA and IA were contaminated with the investigated metals, although these concentrations were evaluated to have low potential ecological risk and no toxicity to benthic organisms. However, a high proportion of Cd in the B1 fraction of riverine sediments in IA indicating high risk should receive more attention. The B1 fraction largely determined the contamination, risk and toxicity levels associated with heavy metals in the riverine sediments of the Yang River Basin.

关键词： Heavy metals     Riverine sediments     Pollution     Land-use    

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Concentrations of toxic heavy metals in ambient particulate matter in an industrial area of northeastern

PIAO Fengyuan, SUN Xiance, LIU Shuang, YAMAUCHI Toru

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第2期   页码 207-210 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0040-z

摘要： This paper investigates concentrations of various heavy metals in ambient particulate matter (PM) and provide evidence for prevention from air pollution. The concentrations of heavy metal components in the PM were determined by inductively coupled plasma/Mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) from September 2000 to August 2002 in a northeast industrial city in China. Concentrations of Cd, Mn, Pb, Ni, Cr and As in the PM were 9.3, 461.9, 588.7, 69.5, 205.7 and 57.4 ng/m in the industrial area, and 5.7, 245.5, 305.0, 31.4, 58.8 and 32.5 ng/m in the main road, respectively. Concentrations of these heavy metals except Cd were significantly higher in the industrial area and main road than those in the suburban area ( < 0.05 or < 0.01). The change curves of the six heavy metal concentrations show their concentrations increased in the winter and spring, but decreased in the summer and autumn. The results indicate that concentrations of the metals in the PM are relatively high in the industrial area and main road.

关键词： summer     August     northeast industrial     September     spring    

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Simulation of soil carbon changes due to land use change in urban areas in China

Cui HAO, Jo SMITH, Jiahua ZHANG, Weiqing MENG, Hongyuan LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 255-266 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0485-4

摘要： Land use change can have a strong impact on soil carbon dynamics and carbon stocks in urban areas. Due to rapid urbanization, large areas of land have been paved, and other areas have undergone rapid land use change. Evaluation of the impact of urbanization on carbon dynamics and carbon stock (30 cm) has become an issue of urgent concern. The soil carbon dynamics, due to rapid land use change in Tianjin Binhai New Area of China, have been simulated in this paper using the RothC model. Because this area is saline, a modified version of RothC that includes a salt rate modifier provided more accurate simulations than the original model. The conversion to urban green land was not accurately simulated by either of the models because of the undefined changes in soil and plant conditions. According to the model, changes of arable to grassland resulted in a decline in soil carbon stocks, and changes of grassland to forest and grassland to arable resulted in increased soil carbon stocks in this area. Across the whole area simulated, the total carbon stocks in 2010 had decreased due to land use change by 6.5% from the 1979 value. By 2050, a further decrease of 21.9% is expected according to the 2050 plan for land use and the continuing losses from the soils due to previous land use changes.

关键词： land use change     soil carbon     RothC     urban area    

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Occurrence and health risk assessment of trace heavy metals via groundwater in Shizhuyuan Polymetallic

Bingbing XU,Qiujin XU,Cunzhen LIANG,Li LI,Lijia JIANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第3期   页码 482-493 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0675-8

摘要： The Shizhuyuan Polymetallic Mine in Chen-zhou City is an important multi-metal deposit in China. After a dam accident in 1985, there are still a number of mining plants, smelters and tailing ponds in this area. These had the potential to pollute the surrounding groundwater. In this study, groundwater samples were collected from 20 residents’ wells in this area during both dry and wet seasons. In particular, this study focused on the exposure and the health risk assessment of trace heavy metal in groundwater. Multiple statistical analysis and fuzzy comprehensive method were employed to reveal the distribution characteristics of heavy metal and to assess the groundwater quality. Results indicated that Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Ba, Hg and Pb were widespread with low exposure levels. There were 19 wells with low level exposure and one well with a moderate level exposure in the dry season. All of the wells were in low level exposure during the wet season. As and Mn exhibited potential non-carcinogenic concern, because their maximum hazard quotient (HQ) was higher than 1.0. This may cause adverse health effect on adults in dry season or on children in both seasons. Only As, showed that the maximum carcinogenic risk was more than 10 , suggesting a high cancer risk for children in both dry and wet seasons. Therefore, analysis and reduction the concentrations of As and Mn in groundwater are needed in order to protect the health of residents and especially children in the area.

关键词： groundwater     heavy metal     health risk assessment     mine area    

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Relationship between the incidence of HFRS and changes of land-use in Big Three Gorges area of Chongqing

Lei YAN MD, MPH, PhD, Shi-Wen WANG MD, PhD, Yu-Huan REN PhD, Jing ZHANG MD, Pei-Long LI MD, Wei-Zhong YANG MD, PhD, Xin-Li WANG MD, De-Qiang MAO MD,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 199-203 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0042-5

摘要： After the establishment of big reservoirs, the environment along the Yangtze River, China, has changed. The alterations may influence people’s health. This study intended to find out the relationships between the environmental changes and the incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the Big Three Gorges Area (BTGA) of Chongqing Municipality, China. Land-use thematic maps were applied in the research. The results show that there was a significant relationship between the land-use change in the grass area and the cumulative HFRS incidence (correlation coefficient= − 0.676, = 0.011). In the BTGA, the land was submerged because water filled in the reservoir, and meanwhile, the government called for returning land for farming to forestry. It is concluded that the changes of environment may influence the incidence of HFRS.

关键词： hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome     land-use     Big Three Gorges area    

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Sewage sludge ditch for recovering heavy metals can improve crop yield and soil environmental quality

Xianke Lin, Xiaohong Chen, Sichang Li, Yangmei Chen, Zebin Wei, Qitang Wu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1314-1

摘要： Abstract • Indirect use of sludge in ditches alongside plants was tested in field experiments. • The dried and stabilized sludge in ditches was recovered with heavy metals. • Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in the planted soil were all in a safe range. • The indirect use of sludge increased plant yield, soil N content and C storage. The treatment and disposal of municipal sewage sludge (MSS) is an urgent problem to be resolved in many countries. Safely using the nutrients within MSS to increase crop yield and enhance the fertility of poor soil could contribute to achieving sustainable development. An indirect use of MSS in ditches alongside Pennisetum hybridum plants was studied in field plots for 30 months and the contents of heavy metals and macronutrients were monitored in soil, sludge and plant samples. We found that the yield of P. hybridum was significantly increased by 2.39 to 2.80 times and the treated plants had higher N content compared with no sludge. In addition, the organic matter (OM) and N contents in the planted soil increased significantly compared with the initial soil. The OM content in the planted soil of the MSS treatment was 2.9 to 5.2 times higher than that with no sludge, and N increased by 2.0 to 3.8 times. However, MSS had no significant effect on the N, P and K contents in the soil at the bottom of the MSS ditch, and the content of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) were also within the safe range. Moreover, the moisture content and phytotoxicity of MSS after this indirect use were reduced and the heavy metal contents changed little, which is favorable to the further disposal of recovered MSS. Therefore, this indirect use of MSS is beneficial to agricultural production, soil quality and environmental sustainability.

关键词： Municipal sewage sludge     Indirect use     Heavy metals     Macronutrients     Pennisetum hybridum    

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区域定量风险评价方法及其在城市重大危险源安全规划中的应用

吴宗之,多英全,魏利军,关磊

《中国工程科学》 2006年 第8卷 第4期   页码 46-49

摘要：

介绍了区域定量风险评价的基本原理和评价指标，建立了基于网格差分的风险计算模型，给出了定量风险评价的程序，开发了个人风险的计算软件，提出了区域定量风险评价方法，并在某油气库区风险评价与安全规划中实际应用。通过分析计算，给出了该区域的个人风险等值线分布图和社会风险（F-N）曲线。结果表明，由于该地区液化石油气储量大，事故后果严重，且库区离居民区较近，周边企业较多，人口密集，使得个人风险和社会风险均超出了推荐标准的要求。该方法为进行城市重大危险源的安全规划提供了基础理论和技术方法，对进行城市土地使用及其他灾害领域的安全规划具有指导意义。

关键词： 风险评价     安全规划     重大危险源     城市规划    

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Functional trait differences between native bunchgrasses and the invasive grass

Huiqin HE, Thomas A. MONACO, Thomas A. JONES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第1期   页码 139-147 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017175

摘要： We conducted 30- and 60-d greenhouse experiments to compare functional traits of (invasive annual grass) and four perennial bunchgrasses under well-watered or drought conditions. Even under drought, experienced significantly less stress (i.e., higher xylem pressure potential and greater shoot water content, water use per day and water-use efficiency) and biomass production than the perennial grasses after 30 d. However, after 60 d, its superiority was reduced under infrequent watering. Differences among perennial grasses were more pronounced for physiological traits under infrequent watering and for morphological traits under frequent watering. (fast-growing species) had a higher transpiration rate, lower leaf temperature, and lower water-use efficiency than the other grasses after 30 d. In contrast, (slow-growing) had lower xylem pressure potential and higher leaf temperature than all other grasses under infrequent watering. Under frequent watering, shoot dry mass and specific leaf area of was matched by (moderate-growing species). Our results indicate that multiple-species plantings or seedings are necessary to foster greater weed resistance against . We also emphasize that when choosing plant material for restoration, performance during both pulse (resource-rich) and inter-pulse (resource-poor) periods should be considered.

关键词： annual grass     comparative growth     drought response     invasive plant     native grass     specific leaf area     soil-water use    

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Antimicrobial use in food animal production: situation analysis and contributing factors

Ziping WU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第3期   页码 301-311 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018207

摘要：

By measuring the quantity and ways in which antimicrobials are used, and reviewing different technical and socioeconomic factors influencing antimicrobial use at farm level, this study discusses the main knowledge gaps in antimicrobial use in food animal production and provides recommendations for future research and policy development. The review reveals that antimicrobial use in food animals exhibit strong regional and species differences, and there are still large information gaps concerning the current state of antimicrobial use. Factors associated with animal health (including antimicrobial resistance), animal health improvement, economic costs and benefits relevant to animal diseases, and potential technological alternatives or alternative systems all have an impact on antimicrobial use on the farm. There is a clear need to resolve the data gap by monitoring antimicrobial use and developing an analytical framework to better understand farmer behaviors under different technical, economic and environmental circumstances.

关键词： antimicrobial use     drivers for antimicrobial use     food animal production    

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新型通用离子交换膜的研究与实践

汪耀明,吴亮,徐铜文

《中国工程科学》 2014年 第16卷 第12期   页码 76-86

摘要：

基于离子交换膜的电膜技术，由于其独特的离子传递特性，可以进行离子物系的分离分级，在清洁生产、节能减排、环境保护、能量转换等方面有着广泛的应用前景。然而，目前国内相关均相离子膜产品尚处于起步阶段，以日本为首的国家对我国进行相关技术封锁和价格垄断。正是基于这样的产业背景和现实意义，开发出新型的均相离子膜制备路线尤为重要。本课题组提出了一种简单而通用的侧链型离子化芳香族聚合物的合成方法，即“离子单体聚酰基化”均相离子交换膜制备路线，并通过ATRP法来设计离子交换膜的主链憎水、侧链亲水的接枝结构，通过对接枝密度和接枝长度进行调节，实现对膜性能的调控，以满足不同的应用过程对膜性能的要求。此种均相离子交换膜的制备工艺及产业化生产攻关，可以打破以日本为首的国家对我国离子膜产品的技术封锁，实现具有我国自主知识产权的离子膜技术的产业化。制备条件温和、制备工艺简单、快捷，而且整个过程没有传统方法中常用的季铵化或磺化步骤，有效地简化工艺和降低环境污染，可用于扩散渗析、普通电渗析以及双极膜电渗析过程对高性能离子交换膜材料的需求。该系列离子交换膜在特种废水处理、有机酸生产、氨基酸分离纯化、重金属废水处理等诸多领域得到了广泛的使用，均取得了较为满意的使用效果。

关键词： 离子交换膜     电渗析     有机酸     氨基酸     重金属废水    

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Moving policy and regulation forward for single-use plastic alternatives

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1423-5

摘要： Single-use plastics are often used once or cannot be reused for extended periods. They are widely consumed with the rapid development of social economy. The waste generated by single-use plastics threatens ecosystem health by entering the environment and ultimately restricts sustainable human development. The innovation of sustainable and environmentally friendly single-use plastic alternative materials and the joint participation of governments, enterprises and the public are promising technologies and management approaches that can solve the problem of single-use plastics wastes. The development of single-use plastic alternative products can be promoted fundamentally only by improving relevant legislation and standards, providing differentiated industrial policies, encouraging scientific and technological innovation and expanding public participation.

关键词： Single-use plastic alternatives     Policy     Regulation     Sustainable development    

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Co-pyrolysis of sludge and kaolin/zeolite in a rotary kiln: Analysis of stabilizing heavy metals

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1488-1

摘要：

• Adding kaolin/zeolite promotes the formation of stable heavy metals.

关键词： Co-pyrolysis     Sewage sludge     Heavy metals     Rotary kiln     Immobilization mechanism    

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Effects of sulfur on variations in the chemical speciation of heavy metals from fly ash glass

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1728-7

摘要：

● A higher sulfur content reduced the curing rate of Cr in glass.

关键词： Dechlorinated fly ash     SO3     Heavy metal     Chemical speciation     Glass solidification    

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ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN HYDROCHAR PRODUCED BY HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION OF DAIRY MANURE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第3期   页码 437-447 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023507

摘要：

● Content of heavy metals in hydrochar varies considerably, from 50% to 100%.

关键词： heavy metals     dairy manure     hydrochar     hydrothermal carbonization     waste management    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Scientifically advanced woody media for improved water quality from livestock woodchip heavy-use areas

Laura Christianson, David DeVallance, Joshua Faulkner, Thomas Basden

期刊论文

Evaluating heavy metal contamination of riverine sediment cores in different land-use areas

Wenzhong Tang, Liu Sun, Limin Shu, Chuang Wang

期刊论文

Concentrations of toxic heavy metals in ambient particulate matter in an industrial area of northeastern

PIAO Fengyuan, SUN Xiance, LIU Shuang, YAMAUCHI Toru

期刊论文

Simulation of soil carbon changes due to land use change in urban areas in China

Cui HAO, Jo SMITH, Jiahua ZHANG, Weiqing MENG, Hongyuan LI

期刊论文

Occurrence and health risk assessment of trace heavy metals via groundwater in Shizhuyuan Polymetallic

Bingbing XU,Qiujin XU,Cunzhen LIANG,Li LI,Lijia JIANG

期刊论文

Relationship between the incidence of HFRS and changes of land-use in Big Three Gorges area of Chongqing

Lei YAN MD, MPH, PhD, Shi-Wen WANG MD, PhD, Yu-Huan REN PhD, Jing ZHANG MD, Pei-Long LI MD, Wei-Zhong YANG MD, PhD, Xin-Li WANG MD, De-Qiang MAO MD,

期刊论文

Sewage sludge ditch for recovering heavy metals can improve crop yield and soil environmental quality

Xianke Lin, Xiaohong Chen, Sichang Li, Yangmei Chen, Zebin Wei, Qitang Wu

期刊论文

区域定量风险评价方法及其在城市重大危险源安全规划中的应用

吴宗之,多英全,魏利军,关磊

期刊论文

Functional trait differences between native bunchgrasses and the invasive grass

Huiqin HE, Thomas A. MONACO, Thomas A. JONES

期刊论文

Antimicrobial use in food animal production: situation analysis and contributing factors

Ziping WU

期刊论文

新型通用离子交换膜的研究与实践

汪耀明,吴亮,徐铜文

期刊论文

Moving policy and regulation forward for single-use plastic alternatives

期刊论文

Co-pyrolysis of sludge and kaolin/zeolite in a rotary kiln: Analysis of stabilizing heavy metals

期刊论文

Effects of sulfur on variations in the chemical speciation of heavy metals from fly ash glass

期刊论文

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN HYDROCHAR PRODUCED BY HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION OF DAIRY MANURE

期刊论文